Wuwei, Gansu
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
| Wuwei | |
| — Prefecture-level city — | |
| Chinese transcription(s) | |
| - characters | 武威 |
|---|---|
| - Pinyin | Wǔwēi |
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  Wuwei
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| Coordinates: 37°55′41″N 102°38′29″E / 37.92806°N 102.64139°E | |
| Country | China |
| Province | Gansu |
| Area | |
| - Total | 33,000 km2 (12,741.4 sq mi) |
| Population | |
| - Total | 1,930,200 |
| - Density | 58.5/km2 (151.5/sq mi) |
| Time zone | China Standard (UTC+8) |
| Website | http://www.ww.gansu.gov.cn/ |
Wuwei (Chinese: 武威; pinyin: Wŭwēi) is located in northwest central Gansu province. In the north it borders Inner Mongolia, in the southwest, Qinghai. Its central location between three western capitals, Lanzhou, Xining, and Yinchuan makes it an important business and transportation hub for the area. Because of its position along the Hexi Corridor, historically the only route from central China to western China and the rest of Central Asia, many major railroads and national highways pass through Wuwei.
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[edit] Geography, geology and climate
Wuwei's geography is dominated by three plateaus, the Loess, Tibetan, and Mongolian. Elevation can be generalized as, the south is high and the north is low, with elevations ranging from 1,020 to 4,874 metres (3,300 to 16,000 ft) above sea-level. Its area is 33,000 km2 (13,000 sq mi). Average annual temperature is 7.8 °C (46.0 °F). The climate is arid or semi-arid with rainfall between 60 to 610 mm (2.4 to 24 in). Evaporation is from 1,400 to 3,000 mm (55 to 120 in), creating a net loss of water each year. There are 2200–3000 sunlight hours each year and from 85–165 frost free days.
Southwest of Wuwei, there is a 230 metres (750 ft) thick Tianzhu Formation made of clastics intercalated with sandy shale and shale.[1] Minerals deposits occurring in the vicinity of Wuwei include graphite, iron, titanium, and limestone.
[edit] History
In ancient times, Wuwei was called Liangzhou (凉州) and is the eastern terminus of the Hexi Corridor. People began settling here 5000 years ago. It was a key link for the Northern Silk Road,[2] and a number of important archaeological finds were uncovered from Wuwei, including ancient copper carts with stone animals.[3] In 121 BC Han emperor Wudi brought his cavalry here to defend the Hexi Corridor against the Xiongnu. His military success allowed him to expand the corridor westward. Its importance as a stop along the Silk Road made it a crossroads of cultures and ethnic groups from all over central Asia. Numerous Buddhist grottoes and temples in the area attest to its role as a path for bringing Buddhism from India and Afghanistan to China.
During the Three Kingdoms period, Liangzhou was governed by Ma Teng. After the death of Ma Teng, Ma Chao resumed the post and governed the city for a short time before it fell into the hands of Cao Cao, ruler of Wei Kingdom.
Famous cultural relics from Wuwei include the Galloping Bronze Horse (铜奔马), Western Xia stele (西夏碑), White Tower Temple (白塔寺), Tianti Mountain Grotto (天梯山石窟), Luoshi Temple Tower (罗什寺塔), and the Wen Shrine (文庙).
[edit] Administration
1 urban district, 2 counties, 1 autonomous county, 116 towns, and 41 townships
City district:
- Liangzhou (凉州区)
Counties:
Autonomous county:
- Tianzhu Tibetan Autonomous County (天祝藏族自治县)
[edit] Demographics
Population 1,930,200, urban 509,600 with 38 ethnic groups represented including Han, Hui, Mongol, Tu, Tibetan, etc.
[edit] Economy
Consistent sunlight and fertile soil make agriculture one of Wuwei’s biggest industries. Other important industries are textiles, metallurgy, and construction materials. Melons, vegetables, wine and livestock are all major agricultural products. Organic farming is a trend with more land being set aside for “green farming” each year. Land use can be broken down into the following:
- 790 square kilometres (310 sq mi) of water
- 34,800 square kilometres (13,400 sq mi) of forest
- 355,300 square kilometres (137,200 sq mi) of grassland.
- 247,000 square kilometres (95,000 sq mi) of “undeveloped” land.
- 39,100 square kilometres (15,100 sq mi) of farmland.
- 8,000 square kilometres (3,100 sq mi) of corn
- 4,000 square kilometres (1,500 sq mi) of vegetables
- 3,000 square kilometres (1,200 sq mi) of melons
- 5,000 square kilometres (1,900 sq mi) for livestock
- 800 square kilometres (310 sq mi) of vineyards
[edit] Transport
[edit] Notes
- ^ Chih-i Chou, William Thornton Dean, Phanerozoic Geology of Northwest China, 1996, 316 pages ISBN 9067642282
- ^ Silk Road, North China, C Michael Hogan, The Megalithic Portal, ed. A Burnham
- ^ Zhang Yiping, Story of the Silk Road, 2005, 五洲传播出版社, ISBN 750850832
[edit] External links
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Wuwei |
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