Retroflex lateral approximant

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IPA – number	156
IPA – text	ɭ
IPA – image
Entity	ɭ
X-SAMPA	l`
Kirshenbaum	l.
Sound sample (help·info)

The retroflex lateral approximant is a type of consonantal sound used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is ɭ, and the equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is l`.

Contents 1 Features 2 Occurrence 3 See also 4 References 5 Bibliography

[edit] Features

Features of the retroflex lateral approximant:

• Its manner of articulation is approximant, which means it is produced by bringing one articulator close to another but without the vocal tract being narrowed to such an extent that a turbulent airstream is produced.
• Its place of articulation is retroflex, which prototypically means it is articulated with the tip of the tongue curled up, but more generally means that it is postalveolar without being palatalized.
• Its phonation type is voiced, which means the vocal cords are vibrating during the articulation.
• It is an oral consonant, which means air is allowed to escape through the mouth.
• It is a lateral consonant, which means it is produced by allowing the airstream to flow over the sides of the tongue, rather than the middle of the tongue.
• The airstream mechanism is pulmonic egressive, which means it is articulated by pushing air out of the lungs and through the vocal tract, rather than from the glottis or the mouth.

[edit] Occurrence

In the following transcriptions, diacritics may be used to distinguish between apical [ɭ̺] and laminal [ɭ̻].

Language		Word	IPA	Meaning	Notes
Enindhilyagwa		marluwiya	[maɭuwija]	'emu'
Kannada		ಏಳು	[ˈeɭu]	'seven'
Malayalam		മലയാളം	[ˈmäləˌjaːɭəm]	'Malayalam'
Marathi		कुळ	[kuɭa]	'clan'	represented with a <ळ>
Norwegian		farlig	[fɑːɭi]	'dangerous'	Eastern and central dialects. See Norwegian phonology
Punjabi		ਤ੍ਰੇਲ਼	t̪reıɭ	'dew'	Represented with ਲ਼. Mostly found in rural dialects.
Swedish		sorl	[soːɭ] (help·info)	'murmur' (noun)	See Swedish phonology
Tamil[1]		புளி	[puɭi]	'tamarind'	represented by a <ள்>. See Tamil phonology
Telugu		నీళ్లు	[niːɭːu]	'water'	represented using <ళ>

[edit] See also

• List of phonetics topics

[edit] References

[edit] Bibliography

• Keane, Elinor (2004), "Tamil", Journal of the International Phonetic Association 34 (1): 111-116

v • d • e Consonants List · Table Pulmonics Bila​bial Labio​d. Den​tal Alv. Post. Retro​fl. Pal​a​tal Ve​lar Uvu​lar Pha​ryn. Epi​glot​t. Glot​tal Non-pulmonics and other symbols [edit • talk] Nasals m ɱ n̪ n ɳ ɲ ŋ ɴ  Clicks  ʘ ǀ ǃ ǂ ǁ Plosives p b p̪ b̪ t̪ d̪ t d ʈ ɖ c ɟ k ɡ q ɢ ʡ ʔ  Impl.  ɓ ɗ ʄ ɠ ʛ Fricatives ɸ β f v θ ð s z ʃ ʒ ʂ ʐ ç ʝ x ɣ χ ʁ ħ ʕ ʜ ʢ h ɦ  Eject.  pʼ tʼ kʼ qʼ sʼ Approxim. ʋ ɹ ɻ j ɰ  Affr.  p̪͡f t͡s d͡z t͡ʃ d͡ʒ t͡ɕ d͡ʑ ʈ͡ʂ ɖ͡ʐ t͡ɬ d͡ɮ Trills ʙ r • ʀ • Other laterals  ɺ • ɫ Flaps / taps ⱱ̟ ⱱ ɾ ɽ • • Co-art. fricatives  ɕ ʑ ɧ Lateral Fric. ɬ ɮ • • • Co-art. approxim.  ʍ w ɥ Lateral Appr. l ɭ ʎ ʟ Co-articulated stops  k͡p ɡ͡b ŋ͡m This table contains phonetic information in IPA, which may not display correctly in some browsers. [Help] Where symbols appear in pairs, the one to the right represents a voiced consonant. Shaded areas denote pulmonic articulations judged to be impossible. See also IPA · Vowels