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Peace education

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Peace education may be defined as the process of acquiring the values, the knowledge and developing the attitudes, skills, and behaviors to live in harmony with oneself, with others, and with the natural environment.

Contents

[edit] Theory of Peace Education

Often the theory or philosophy of peace education has been assumed and not articulated. Johan Galtung suggested in 1975 that no theory for peace education existed and that there was clearly an urgent need for such theory. [1] More recently there have been attempts to establish such a theory. Joachim James Calleja has suggested that a philosophical basis for peace education might be located in the Kantian notion of duty.[2] James Page has suggested that a rationale for peace education might be located in virtue ethics, consequentialist ethics, conservative political ethics, aesthetic ethics and the ethics of care.[3]

[edit] The United Nations and Peace Education

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There are numerous United Nations declarations or instruments which confirm the importance of peace education,[4] and indeed the current Director-General of UNESCO, Koichiro Matsuura, has recently written of peace education as being of "fundamental importance to the mission of UNESCO and the United Nations". [5]. The international declarations and instruments in support of peace education include:

  • UNESCO Recommendation Concerning Education for International Understanding, Co-operation and Peace and Education Relating to Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, especially Paragraph 18. [8][Need quotation on talk to verify]
  • Final Document of the Tenth Special Session of the United Nations General Assembly (SSODI - Special Session on Disarmament I, Articles 106,107. [9][Need quotation on talk to verify]
  • World Congress on Disarmament Education: Final Document and Report [10][Need quotation on talk to verify]
  • UNESCO Declaration of Principles on Tolerance., Articles 1 and 4. [13][Need quotation on talk to verify]

[edit] Peace Education as a Human Right

Peace education as a right is something which is now increasingly emphasized by peace researchers such as Betty Reardon [14] and Douglas Roche [15] There has also been a recent meshing peace education and human rights education [16]

[edit] Peaceful Pedagogy

There is thus no shortage of official statements on the importance of peace education. However finding specific practical statements on peace education or peaceful pedagogy is more difficult. Ian Harris and John Synott have described peace education as a series of "teaching encounters" that draw from people a) their desire for peace, b) nonviolent alternatives for managing conflict, and c) skills for critical analysis of structural arrangements that produce and legitimate injustice and inequality.[17] James Page suggests peace education be thought of as "encouraging a commitment to peace as a settled disposition and enhancing the confidence of the individual as an individual agent of peace; as informing the student on the consequences of war and social injustice; as informing the student on the value of peaceful and just social structures and working to uphold or develop such social structures; as encouraging the student to leave the world and to imagine a peaceful future; and as caring for the student and encouraging the student to care for others" .[18]

[edit] See also

[edit] References

  1. ^ Galtung, Johan (1975) Essays in Peace Research, Volume 1. Copenhagen: Eljers. pp. 334-339.
  2. ^ Calleja, Joachim James (1991) 'A Kantian Epistemology of Education and Peace: An Examination of Concepts and Values'. Unpublishd PhD Thesis. Bradford University.
  3. ^ Page, James S. (2008) Peace Education: Exploring Ethical and Philosophical Foundations. Charlotte: Information Age Publishing. ISBN 978-1-59311-889-1. Chapter details
  4. ^ Page, James S. (2008) 'Chapter 9: The United Nations and Peace Education'. In: Monisha Bajaj (ed.)Encyclopedia of Peace Education. (75-83). Charlotte: Information Age Publishing. ISBN 978-1-59311-898-3. Further information
  5. ^ Matsuura, Koichiro. (2008) 'Foreword'. In: J.S.Page Peace Education: Exploring Ethical and Philosophical Foundations. Charlotte: Information Age Publishing. p.xix.
  6. ^ UNESCO (1945) Constitution of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization. London: UNESCO. Adopted 16 November, 1945.
  7. ^ United Nations General Assembly (1948) Universal Declaration of Human Rights. New York: United Nations. Adopted and proclaimed by General Assembly Resolution 217A(3) of 10 December, 1948.
  8. ^ UNESCO (1974) Recommendation Concerning Education for International Understanding, Co-operation and Peace and Education Relating to Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms Paris: UNESCO. Recommendation adopted by the General Conference of UNESCO at the 18th Session, on 19/11/1974.
  9. ^ United Nations (1978) Final Document of the Tenth Special Session of the United Nations General Assembly (SSODI - Special Session on Disarmament I New York: United Nations General Assembly. Resolution S-10/2. 30/6/1978.
  10. ^ UNESCO (1980) World Congress on Disarmament Education: Final Document and Report Paris: UNESCO
  11. ^ UNICEF (1989) Convention on the Rights of the Child. New York: UNICEF. Adopted by United Nations General Assembly Resolution 44/25 of 20 November 1989.
  12. ^ United Nations General Assembly (1993) Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action - World Conference on Human Rights. New York: United Nations. A/CONF. 157/23. 12/7/93.
  13. ^ UNESCO (1995) Declaration of Principles on Tolerance. Paris: UNESCO. Adopted by the General Conference of UNESCO on 16/11/1995.
  14. ^ Reardon, Betty. (1997). 'Human Rights as Education for Peace'. In: G.J. Andrepoulos and R.P. Claude (eds.) Human Rights Education for the Twenty-First Century. (255-261). Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.
  15. ^ Roche, Douglas. (1993). The Human Right to Peace. Toronto: Novalis.
  16. ^ United Nations General Assembly. (1993) Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action (World Conference on Human Rights). New York: United Nations. (A/CONF. 157/23 on June 25, 1993). Part 2, Paragraphs 78-82.
  17. ^ Harris, Ian and Synott, John. (2002) 'Peace Education for a New Century' Social Alternatives 21(1):3-6
  18. ^ Page, James S. (2008) Peace Education: Exploring Ethical and Philosophical Foundations. Charlotte: Information Age Publishing. p. 189. ISBN 978-1-59311-889-1. Chapter details

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