Manhunt (military)

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The examples and perspective in this article deal primarily with the United States and do not represent a worldwide view of the subject. Please improve this article or discuss the issue on the talk page.

Manhunting is the deliberate identification, capture or killing of senior or otherwise important enemy combatants, dubbed high-value targets, usually by special operations forces and intelligence organizations. According to a recent study,^[1] since 1968, 40% of armed non-state groups have met their end because local police and intelligence agencies arrested or killed key members.

A response to asymmetric tactics adopted by terrorists, insurgents, pirates, narcotraffickers, arms proliferators and other non-state actors, manhunting has been adopted by military organizations to reduce collateral damage that would occur during a conventional military assault.

The most visible such operations conducted today involve counterterrorist activities. Some involve government-sanctioned assassination, also known as targeted killing or extrajudicial execution. Operations to capture terrorists have drawn political and legal controversy, due to the practice of extraordinary rendition. Other military operations, such as hostage rescue or personnel recovery, employ similar tactics and techniques. The primary difference in hostage rescue or personnel recovery is that the person being rescued or recovered wants to be found; while high-value targets want to avoid being found.

Contents 1 U.S. operations 1.1 Colonial period 1.2 Indian Wars 1.3 American Civil War 1.4 Early 1900s 1.5 World War II 1.6 Vietnam Conflict 1.7 1980-1999 1.8 Manhunting after September 11, 2001 1.9 Military manhunts within the United States 1.10 Legal Issues 2 Operations by other countries 2.1 Ancient Times through Conquest of the New World 2.2 World War II 2.3 North Korea 2.4 France 2.5 Colombia 2.6 Great Britain 2.7 Rhodesia/Zimbabwe 2.8 Israeli operations 3 See also 4 External links 5 Sources 6 References

[edit] U.S. operations

The United States has use armed forces or militia to apprehend people deemed threats to national security since colonial times.

[edit] Colonial period

• In 1644, Virginia Governor William Berkeley dispatched a colonial militia to apprehend Powhatan chief Opchanacanough.
• King Philip's War turned badly for the Wampanoag in July 1676. Metacom, chief of the Wampanoag Confederacy and known to Massachusetts settlers as King Philip, goes into hiding with seven men near Providence, Rhode Island, in Assowamset Swamp. Captains Benjamin Church and Josiah Standish of the Plymouth Colony Militia lead a raiding party, tracking Metacom to Mt. Hope, Rhode Island. An Indian named John Alderman shoots Metacom on August 12. His body is beheaded, drawn and quartered and displayed in Plymouth for many years.
• Revolutionary militia caused an uproar by intentionally targeting British and Hessian officers with sniper fire during and after the battles of Lexington and Concord.
• In July 1776, Daniel Boone pursued a Shawnee raiding party through the Kentucky wilderness to rescue his daughter Jemima and two friends. The adventure inspired James Fenimore Cooper to write The Last of the Mohicans.

[edit] Indian Wars

• The United States Army was sent to pursue leaders or small bands of Native Americans who defied the U.S. government, including Black Hawk, Chief Joseph, Geronimo and Victorio.

[edit] American Civil War

• John S. Mosby planned his 17-man raid on Fairfax Courthouse to capture Union General Edwin H. Stoughton.
• Lafayette Baker's 1st District of Columbia Cavalry unsuccessfully tried to capture Mosby.
• Union Colonel Ulric Dahlgren is killed in a March 5, 1864 cavalry raid on Richmond. On his body, Confederates discover a letter ordering the capture and execution of Confederate President Jefferson Davis. The incident becomes known as The Dahlgren Affair and leads to an investigation and personal denial by Union General Ulysses S. Grant^[2]
• Lafayette Baker is recalled to active duty to pursue Abraham Lincoln's Confederate assassins, including John Wilkes Booth.

[edit] Early 1900s

• The 20th century began with the United States intervention in the Philippines, as the Army sought out individual insurrectos in a concerted counterinsurgency campaign.
• American political influence was employed in 1904 in a manhunt for Ion Perdicaris, who had been taken captive by Mulai Ahmed er Raisuni.
  • In 1916, President Woodrow Wilson ordered the Mexican Expedition to end Pancho Villa's reign of terror in the American Southwest.

[edit] World War II

• A squadron of P-38 Lightning twin-engined fighters was sent to shoot down Admiral Isoroku Yamamoto's transport aircraft, downing his bomber on 18 April 1943 as it approached Bougainville.

[edit] Vietnam Conflict

• Fourteen Combat Tracker Tracker Teams, trained at the British Jungle Warfare Schools in Malaya and New Zealand, were deployed to Vietnam to hunt enemy insurgents.
• During the battle of Khe Sanh, military intelligence identifies communications emanating from an area designated Oscar 8. Suspected of being the command post for General Vo Nguyen Giap, Special Forces teams and indigenous Hatchet teams are dispatched to capture or kill General Giap following an air strike by B-52 bombers. The mission is unsuccessful, leading to heavy losses on both sides.^[3]

[edit] 1980-1999

• A shift in US national security policy began to emerge in the late 20th century, as national leaders began to identify individuals as adversaries, rather than countries. This became evident in the hunts for:
• Ilich Ramirez Sanchez aka Carlos the Jackal^[4]
• Manuel Noriega
• Mohamed Farrah Aidid
• The pursuit of Slobodan Milošević and Balkan war criminals.

[edit] Manhunting after September 11, 2001

• US military manhunting operations included the apprehension of Saddam Hussein,^{[5] [6]} key Ba'ath party leaders, and Abu Musab al-Zarqawi, ^[7] along with the capture or death of al Qaeda and Taliban leaders.^[8][9] The U.S. military issued a deck of Most-wanted Iraqi playing cards to assist in the identification and apprehension of key Iraqi leaders.[1]

• Manhunting proved an effective tactic to capture key members of Al Qaeda in Iraq^[10] and to disrupt networks employing improvised explosive devices and explosively formed projectiles against U.S. forces in Iraq.^{[11] [12]}

• The Pentagon acknowledged an aggressive hunt for terrorists was taking place in 2007.^[13] The Ethiopian Premier claimed that the United States targeted 20 terrorists in Somalia^[14] in January 2007.

• Manhunting activities accelerated in August-September 2008 along the Afghanistan-Pakistan border region. Officials remarked the rise in attacks by Predator UAVs and Hellfire missiles was due to a desire to strike decisively at al Qaeda senior leaders in the waning months of the Bush administration.^{[15] [16] [17] [18] [19] [20] [21]} In 2009, the Barack Obama administration reaffirmed its commitment to lethal strikes, when CIA Director Leon Panetta confirmed the strikes had been successful to date, and would continue.^[22] Since that date, strikes against Pakistan-based high-value targets have trebled.^[23] Some question the cost vs. benefit of drone attacks, which admittedly deplete the ranks of senior al Qaeda leaders, but also polarize public opinion. ^{[24] [25]}

[edit] Military manhunts within the United States

• Military reconnaissance aircraft helped domestic law enforcement look for the Beltway sniper.^[26]

[edit] Legal Issues

• Manhunting is a challenging legal issue. Since the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks, Israel and the United States have labeled manhunting as "targeted killings" against "enemy combatants," thus constituting legitimate targets for military action.^[27]
• Contemporary international law provides two distinct normative paradigms which govern targeted killings in situations of law enforcement and the conduct of hostilities. any targeted killing not directed against a legitimate military target remains subject to the law enforcement paradigm, which imposes extensive restraints on the practice. Even under the paradigm of hostilities, no person can be lawfully liquidated without further considerations.^[28]

[edit] Operations by other countries

[edit] Ancient Times through Conquest of the New World

• International manhunting dates to Alexander the Great's pursuit of Darius III.
• Chinese General Sun Tzu advocated assassination as a strategic method in his classic work The Art of War.
• The Romans pursued Hannibal Barca after the Second Punic War.
• The Hashashim, a mystic sect of warriors, cultivated a fearsome reputation with targeted assassinations of Muslim leaders, often in Mosques or other public places.
• Feudal Japan's Ninja or Shinobi warrior sect adopted similar techniques.
• Vlad Tepes, a.k.a. Dracula, carried out The Night Attack in an attempt to kill the Ottoman leader, Mehmet II.
• The conquest of the Aztec Empire resulted from Hernan Cortes' capture of Aztec ruler Montezuma II.
• Francisco Pizarro later repeated the tactic against the Inca ruler Atahuallpa.

[edit] World War II

• • A hand-picked German special forces unit, led by Otto Skorzeny, rescued former Italian dictator Benito Mussolini from the 6,000-foot Gran Sasso peak.
  • British officers Stanley Moss and Patrick Leigh-Fermor infiltrated Crete with the help of local partisans to capture General Kreipe, Commander of the Sevastopol Division.
  • Seven British Special Air Service members parachuted into France as part of Operation Gaff, an unsuccessful plan to assassinate Field Marshal Erwin Rommel.

[edit] North Korea

• North Korea secretly sent a 31-man detachment from its 124th Army Unit into the Republic of Korea to kill President Park Chung-hee, nearly succeeding in a Jan 21, 1968 raid on the Blue House.^[29]

[edit] France

• France deployed GIGN antiterrorist police and the French Navy to capture Somali pirates who had seized the 850-ton yacht Le Ponant. On April 11, 2008, the French forces captured six of 10 pirates as they attempted to escape with a $2 million ransom.^[30] The French operations brought publicity to the work of NATO's Combined Task Force 150. CTF 150, established shortly before the beginning of Operation Enduring Freedom, conducts Maritime Security Operations (MSO) in the Gulf of Aden, Gulf of Oman, the Arabian Sea, Red Sea and the Indian Ocean. In August 2008, CTF 150 established a Maritime Security Patrol Area in the Gulf of Aden to combat Somali piracy.

[edit] Colombia

• Colombian Military forces conducted an air raid into Ecuador in March 1, 2008, killing Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC) deputy Raúl Reyes along with 16 other FARC guerillas.^[31] On July 2 2008, Colombian special forces tricked FARC captors into releasing hostages Ingrid Betancourt, Marc Gonsalves, Thomas Howes and Keith Stansell, and 11 Colombian security personnel. Some hostages had been held since February 2003.^{[32] [33]}

[edit] Great Britain

• British Special Air Service manhunting operations were conducted during the Malayan Emergency, against key Irish Republican Army operatives, and as part of global counterterrorism missions.
• Britain employed groups of Iban and Dayak tribesmen as jungle trackers during the Malayan Emergency, attaching the skilled natives to British forces. The trackers were later formed into the Sarawak Rangers.
• Britain developed specialized tactics six months after the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks, under the code name Operation Kratos.^[34] The "tactics have been developed to include a specialised response to both the sudden appearance of a suspect where we have intelligence they may be about to commit a deadly attack and for the surveillance of suspects identified through intelligence.... These tactics are only ever used when absolutely necessary."^[35]
• British Special Air Service forces, operating in concert with United States Special Operations Forces, disrupted suicide bomber networks responsible for over 3000 deaths in Baghdad, Iraq. Over 3500 members of the bomb making networks were captured or killed in an 18-month period from 2007-2008. Most of the hundreds of network members killed were members of Al Qaeda in Iraq. The SAS suffered 6 killed and over 30 injured, many due to rappelling from helicopters with over 100 pounds of equipment.^{[36] [37]}

[edit] Rhodesia/Zimbabwe

• the Rhodesian/Zimbabwe War of Independence (Chimurenga War, 1966-1980) the Selous Scout were officially credited with either directly or indirectly being responsible for 68% of all terrorist killed, while losing less than 40 scouts in the process.^[38] The Selous Scouts, Grey's Scouts and Tracker Combat Unit were formed to pursue Zambian terrorists deep into the African bush. Their first operational use was in 1967.^[39][40]

[edit] Israeli operations

Israel may have the most advanced and experienced manhunters.

• Israel adopted targeted killing in response to Black September's Munich Olympics massacre, leading to Mossad's Operation Wrath of God and Sayeret Matkal's Operation Spring of Youth. During the "Avner team" two-year deployment, eight of 11 intended targets are killed; while collateral damage includes one KGB officer, four Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) security personnel, and one freelance assassin in exchange for two team members lost.

Israel has continued to employ the targeted killing of violent radical opponents. Notable operations include:

• April 1973, when Israeli commandos landed in Beirut and killed senior members of the Fatah movement including Yasir Arafat's deputy Yusuf Najjar and the Fatah spokesman Kamal Nasir.
• Israel may have been behind the 1979 explosion in Beirut that killed Ali Hassan Salameh, founder of Fatah's elite Force 17.
• In April 1988 an Israeli commando force landed in Tunis and killed the head of the (PLO) military branch Khalil al Wazir (Abu Jihad).
• In February 1992, Israeli helicopters fired on the car of Hizbullah leader Abbas Musawi, killing him and members of his entourage.
• In October 1995, following a series of suicide attacks which claimed the lives of dozens of Israelis, Mossad agents shot and killed the head of the Palestinian Islamic Jihad (PIJ), Fathi Shaqaqi, in Malta.
• In January 1996, three months later, a booby-trapped cellular phone exploded, killing Hamas member Yahya Ayyash, also known as "The Engineer," who masterminded suicide attacks in which 50 Israelis died and 340 were wounded.
• An attempt to kill Khaled Meshal, the Jordanian-based political chief of Hamas, goes awry. A struggle ensues. Two Mossad agents are arrested, along with Meshal's driver Mohammed Abu Saif. When Meshal falls ill, Jordanian police suspect he has been exposed to a toxic agent. An international debacle ensues. King Hussein nearly severs relations between Israel and Jordan. U.S. sponsored negotiations with the Palestinians falter. Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu is forced to provide an antidote to save Meshal's life, and to release Sheik Ahmed Yassin, the founder and spiritual leader of Hamas, who had been in custody.^[41] In the wake of an Israeli investigation, ^[42] Danny Yatom, director of Mossad, resigns in 1998.^[43]
• Amal's operations officer, Hussam al Amin, was killed in a similar operation in August 1998.
• On November 9, 2000, near the West Bank town of Bethlehem, an Israeli Apache helicopter fired a laser-guided missile at the vehicle of Husayn Abayat, killing him and wounding his deputy.
• Similar operations on February 13, 2001 killed Masud Iyyad, a Force 17 officer trying to establish a Hizbullah cell in the Gaza Strip, and PIJ activist Muhammad abd al Al, who according to the IDF was responsible for terrorist acts and was on his way to carry out two major attacks.
• On July 22, 2002, a 2000-lb bomb dropped from an F-16 fighter killed Salah Shihada, the leader and founder of Hamas' military wing of Izz ad Din al Qassam in Gaza.
• Israeli Defense Forces reveal that an April 14, 2008 air strike by an unmanned aerial vehicle killed Ibrahim abu Alba; Palestinian sources confirm his death. A member of the military wing of the Palestinian Democratic Front responsible for operations in northern Gaza, the IDF said Alba was responsible for rocket attacks and a recent infiltration into Israel that had injured three soldiers. The IDF stated Alba was planning another attack when he was killed near Beit Hanoun.^[44]
• On April 16, a helicopter airstrike kills Mohammed Ghausain, Islamic Jihad's commander in northern Gaza.^[45]
• On December 14, 2006 the Israeli Supreme Court ruled that targeted killing is a legitimate form of self-defense against terrorists, and outlined several conditions for its use.^[46] This decision, arrived at after four years of deliberation, may establish precedent for international law.
• Elyezer Shkedy, the recently retired Israeli Air Force commander, claims IAF operations only comprised 5% of targeted killings in 2003-4, while in 2007-8, IAF strikes comprised 50-70% of targeted killing operations. “Bystander fatalities” decreased from 50 of 100 Palestinians killed (1:1 ratio), to 1 in 25 (24:1 ratio). In the final months of 2007, 98 terrorists were killed with a single bystander fatality (98:1 ratio). While the IAF does not provide detailed data of these operations, B’Tselem (the Israeli Information Center for Human Rights in the Occupied Territories) communications director Sarit Michaeli acknowledges improvements in IAF accuracy.^[47]
• On New Years Day 2009, Israel begins air strikes targeting HAMAS in the Gaza Strip after militants repeatedly fire rockets into Israel. On January 1, Nizar Rayyan, a HAMAS leader who urged suicide attacks against Israel, is killed in an air strike on his home in the northern Gaza Strip. Rayyan was the most senior Hamas leader to be killed since the death of Abdel Aziz al-Rantissi in April 2004. Rayyan claimed, "we will kill the enemy and take hostages" during a Dec 31, 2008 interview on HAMAS’ al-Aqsa television channel. The strike kills at least four other people in the Jabaliya refugee camp, including some members of his family. Subsequent IDF operations target the homes of HAMAS leadership.^[48]

[edit] See also

• Biometrics
• FBI Ten Most Wanted Fugitives
• Fugitive
• High Value Target
• List of military strikes against presumed terrorist targets
• Letter of marque
• Manhunt (law enforcement)
• Most-wanted Iraqi playing cards
• Combined Task Force 150 and Piracy in Somalia
• Terrorism
• United States Special Operations Command
• Unmanned aerial vehicles

[edit] External links

• Tactical Tracking Operations School
• Most Wanted Mahdi Army Members
• Rewards For Justice Program
• Terrorist Scorecard
• The Long War Journal

[edit] Sources

1. John Cloud, "The Manhunt Goes Global," Time/CNN, October 15, 2001 [2]
2. Seymour Hersh, "Annals of National Security: Moving Targets: Will the counter-insurgency plan in Iraq repeat the mistakes of Vietnam?" The New Yorker, Dec 15, 2003 [3]
3. Steven Marks, Thomas Meer, Matthew Nilson, Manhunting: A Methodology for Finding Persons of National Interest June 2005 [4]
4. George Crawford, Manhunting: Reversing the Polarity of Warfare, 2008, ISBN 1604413328
5. Charles O'Quinn, An Invisible Scalpel: Low-Visibility Operations in the War on Terror, June 2006, [5]
6. Steven Roberts, Unilateral Man Hunting: Is The Strategic Operating Environment Structured To Allow The Department Of Defense To Conduct Unilateral Manhunting Operations, June 18, 2004 [6]
7. Matthew Machon, Targeted Killing as an Element of U.S. Foreign Policy in the War on Terror, March 25, 2006 [7]
8. John Dodson, "Man-hunting, Nexus Topography, Dark Networks and Small Worlds", Joint Information Operations Center IOSphere, Winter 2006 [8]
9. Casper Weinberger "When Can We Target the Leaders?," Strategic Review (Spring 2001), p.23.
10. Thomas Wingfield, "Taking Aim at Regime Elites," 22 Md. J. Int'l. L. & Trade 287.
11. Elizabeth Bazan, Assassination Ban and E.O. 12333: A Brief Summary, January 4, 2002
12. Eben Kaplan, "Targeted Killings," Council on Foreign Relations Website, [9]
13. Gal Luft, "The Logic of Israel's Targeted Killing," Middle East Quarterly, Winter 2003 [10]
14. David Kretzmer, "Targeted Killing of Suspected Terrorists: Extra-Judicial Executions or Legitimate Means of Defence?" European Journal of International Law, 2005 [11]
15. Laura Blumenfeld, "In Israel, a Divisive Struggle Over Targeted Killing," The Washington Post, August 27, 2006 [12]
16. Mayur Patel, "Israel's Targeted Killings of Hamas Leaders," American Society of International Law Website, May 2004 [13]
17. Daniel Byman, "Do Targeted Killings Work?" Foreign Affairs March/April 2006 [14]
18. Angus Fay, Combating Terrorism: A Conceptual Framework for Targeting at the Operational Level, June 18, 2004 [15]
19. Sue Rodgers, "Combat Tracker Teams: Dodging an Elusive Enemy", Vietnam Magazine, October 2001.
20. Ray Suarez, "Manhunt," Online News Hour, October 16, 2002 [16]
21. Lieutenant Colonel Jack Marr, U.S. Army; Major John Cushing, U.S. Army; Captain Brandon Garner, U.S. Army; and Captain Richard Thompson, U.S. Army, Human Terrain Mapping: A Critical First Step to Winning the COIN Fight, April 2008
22. Michael A. Sheehan, Crush the Cell: How to Defeat Terrorism Without Terrorizing Ourselves, ISBN 978-0-307-39217-7, 2008
23. Catherine Lotrionte, "When to Target Leaders" Paper presented at the annual meeting of the International Studies Association, Le Centre Sheraton Hotel, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, Mar 17, 2004.
24. Eben Kaplan, "Targeted Killings", Council on Foreign Relations, March 2, 2006
25. Lester W. Grau, LTC (ret), "Something Old, Something New--Guerillas, Terrorists and Intelligence Analysis,"Military Review, July-August 2004
26. Seth G. Jones, Martin C. Libicki, How Terrorist Groups End: Lessons for Countering al Qa'ida, RAND, ISBN 9780833044655, July 2008.
27. Billy Waugh with Tim Keown, Hunting the Jackal: A Special Forces and CIA Ground Soldier's Fifty-Year Career Hunting America's Enemies, William Morrow, 2004, ISBN 0060564091
28. Nils Melzer, Targeted Killing in International Law, Oxford University Press 2008, ISBN 978-0-19-953316-9
29. Stephen T. Hosmer, Operations Against Enemy Leaders, RAND Corporation, 2003
30. Bob Carss, The SAS Guide to Tracking, The Lyons Press, Guilford CT, 2009
31. David Scott-Donelan, Tactical Tracking: The Essential Guide for Military and Police Trackers, Paladin Press, Boulder, CO, 1998
32. Michael Smith, Killer Elite: The Inside Story of America's Most Secret Special Operations Team, St. Martin's Press, New York, 2006, ISBN 0-312-36272-2
33. David C. Isby, Leave No Man Behind: Liberation and Capture Missions, Cassell, London, 2004, ISBN 978-0-304-36204-2
34. Thomas W. Gillespie and John A. Agnew, "Finding Osama bin Laden: An Application of Biogeographic Theories and Satellite Imagery", MIT International Review,17 February 2009
35. Michael McClintock, Instruments of Statecraft: U.S. Guerilla Warfare, Counterinsurgency, and Counterterrorism, 1940-1990, Pantheon Books, 1992
36. Peter Harclerode, Fighting Dirty: The Inside Story of Covert Operations From Ho Chi Minh to Osama bin Laden, Cassell & Co. London, 2001
37. Peter M. Cullen, "The Role of Targeted Killing in the Campaign against Terror," Joint Forces Quarterly, Issue 48, 1st Quarter 2008
38. Asaf Zussman and Noam Zussman, Targeted Killings: Evaluating the Effectiveness of a Counterterrorism Policy, Bank of Israel Research Department Discussion Paper No. 2005.02, January 2005

[edit] References

v • d • e High Value Captives in the War on Terror Captives transferred to Guantanamo Bay from CIA black sites Mustafa al-Hawsawi, Ahmed Ghailani, Ramzi Binalshibh, Walid bin 'Attash, Abd al-Rahim al-Nashiri, Abu Zubaydah, Abu Faraj al-Libbi, Ammar al-Baluchi, Riduan Isamuddin (Hambali), Mohamad Farik Amin, Mohammed Nazir Bin Lep, Khalid Sheikh Mohammed, Majid Khan, Gouled Hassan Dourad, Abdul Hadi al Iraqi Unaccounted-for captives Abdul Aziz, Abdul Rahim al-Sharqawi, Muhammed al-Darbi, Mohammed Omar Abdel-Rahman, Yassir al-Jazeeri, Adil al-Jazeeri, Tariq Mahmood, Hassan Ghul, Musaad Aruchi Died in custody Ibn al-Shaykh al-Libi

v • d • e War on Terrorism Timeline · Casualties · Theaters · Criticism · ISAF Participants Operational ISAF · Operation Enduring Freedom participants · Multinational force in Iraq · Afghanistan · Northern Alliance · Iraq (Iraqi Army) · NATO · Pakistan · United Kingdom · United States · Philippines · Ethiopia Targets al-Qaeda · Osama bin Laden · Abu Sayyaf · Iraqi insurgency · Hamas · Islamic Courts Union · Jemaah Islamiyah · Taliban · Pattani Separatists · Jaish-e-Mohammed · Harkat-ul-Jihad-al-Islami · Hizbul Mujahideen · Kurdistan Workers' Party · Hezbollah · Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan · Lashkar-e-Taiba Conflicts Operation Enduring Freedom War in Afghanistan · OEF - Philippines · Georgia Train and Equip Program · Georgia Sustainment and Stability · OEF - Horn of Africa · OEF - Trans Sahara · Missile strikes in Pakistan Other Insurgency in the Maghreb · Iraq insurgency and operations · Insurgency in Saudi Arabia · War in North-West Pakistan · South Thailand insurgency · Lebanon War · War in Somalia · Lebanon-Fatah al-Islam conflict Islamist attacks 2001–2002 September 11 attacks · 2001 Indian Parliament attack · Shoe bomb plot · Terrorism in Pakistan · Ghriba synagogue bombing · 1st Bali bombing 2003–2004 Riyadh compound bombings · Casablanca bombings · 2003 Mumbai bombings · Jakarta Marriott Hotel bombing · Istanbul bombings · SuperFerry 14 bombing · Madrid train bombings · Beslan school hostage crisis · Jakarta Australian embassy bombing 2005–2006 1st London bombings · 2nd London bombings · Sharm el-Sheikh attacks · 2nd Bali bombing · 1st Delhi bombings · Amman bombings · 2006 Varanasi bombings · 2006 Mumbai train bombings · Transatlantic aircraft plot · Toronto terrorism plot 2007–2008 1st Algiers bombings · Fort Dix attack plot · Ankara bombing · London car bomb plot · Glasgow Airport attack · Hyderabad bombings · Qahtaniya bombings · Karachi bombing · Baghlan bombing · Philippine Congress bombing · 2nd Algiers bombings · Assassination of Benazir Bhutto · Jaipur bombings · Danish embassy · Indian embassy · United States consulate · Istanbul bombings · Bangalore bombings-Ahmedabad · 2nd Delhi bombings · American embassy · Islamabad bombing · 3rd Delhi bombing · 2008 Assam bombings · 2008 Mumbai attacks 2009–current Attack on Sri Lankan cricket team · Yemeni tourist attack See also Abu Ghraib prison · Axis of evil · Bush Doctrine · CIA run Black sites · Combatant Status Review Tribunal · Enhanced interrogation techniques · Extrajudicial prisoners of the US · Extraordinary rendition · Guantanamo Bay detention camp · Military Commissions Act · NSA electronic surveillance program · Protect America Act of 2007 · Unitary executive theory · Unlawful combatant · USA PATRIOT Act Terrorism · War