Guelders
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
.svg)
- This article deals with the historical county and duchy of Guelders, for other meanings see Gelderland.
Guelders or Gueldres (Dutch: Gelre, German: Geldern) is the name of a historical county, later duchy in the Low Countries.
The duchy was named after the town of Geldern, which is now in Germany. The present province of Gelderland (English also Guelders) in the Netherlands occupies most of the area of the former duchy.
The county and duchy of Guelders consisted not only of parts of the actual Dutch provinces of Gelderland and Limburg but also part of the present-day German state of North Rhine-Westphalia.
Contents |
[edit] History
The duchy originated in the area of Geldern and Roermond, with its main stronghold at Montfort (built 1260). It was often at war with its neighbours, such as the duchy of Brabant, the county of Holland and the Prince-Bishopric of Utrecht.
In the 12th and 13th century, Guelders quickly expanded downstream along the sides of the Maas, Rhine, and IJssel rivers, until it lost the Battle of Worringen (1288). It lost its independence in 1543 to the duke of Burgundy, Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor.
The duchy was divided into four quarters:
- the quarter of Roermond, also called the Overkwartier (Upper Quarter)
- the quarter of Arnhem, also called the Veluwe,
- the quarter of Nijmegen, also called the Betuwe,
- the quarter of Zutphen, also called the Achterhoek,
The first, upstream, quarter was geographically separated from the other three.
When the northern Netherlands revolted against Philip II of Spain in the 16th century, the three northern quarters became part of the United Provinces, while the Upper Quarter remained a part of the Spanish Southern Netherlands.
At the Treaty of Utrecht, ending the War of the Spanish Succession in 1713, the Spanish Upper Quarter was divided between Prussian Guelders (a.o. Geldern, Viersen, Horst, Venray), the United Provinces (a.o. Venlo, Montfort, Echt), Austria (a.o. Roermond, Niederkrüchten, Weert) and the duchy of Jülich (Erkelenz).
[edit] Coat of arms of Guelders
The coat of arms of the region evolved during the ages.
|
before 1236 |
 from 1236 until 1276 |
 from 1276 until 1379 |
 after 1379 |
 An officer of arms wearing a tabard of the shield |
[edit] Guelders in popular culture
William Thatcher, the lead character in the 2001 film A Knight's Tale played by Heath Ledger claimed to be Sir Ulrich von Liechtenstein from Gelderland so as to appear to be of noble birth and thus qualify to participate in jousting.
[edit] See also
[edit] External links
- Geldern-Heinsberg
- House of Egmont
- Map of Upper Guelders in 1789 - Northern Part
- Map of Upper Guelders in 1789 - Southern Part
|
||||||||||||||||||||
