House of Bourbon-Parma
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| House of Bourbon-Parma | |||
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| Country | Duchy of Parma | ||
| Parent house | House of Bourbon | ||
| Titles | Duke of Parma and Piacenza | ||
| Founder | Philip, Duke of Parma | ||
| Final ruler | Robert I, Duke of Parma | ||
| Current head | Duke Carlos Hugo | ||
| Founding year | 1748 | ||
| Deposition | 1860 | ||
The House of Bourbon-Parma (Italian: Casa di Borbone di Parma) is a cadet branch of the House of Bourbon. It is thus descended from the Capetian dynasty, but also from the Italian House of Farnese, through Elizabeth Farnese. The name of Bourbon-Parma comes from the main name (Bourbon) and the other (Parma) from the title of Duke of Parma. The title was held by the Spanish Bourbons as the founder was the great-grandson of Duke Ranuccio II Farnese, Duke of Parma.
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[edit] Duchy of Parma
The Duchy of Parma was created in 1545 from that part of the Duchy of Milan south of the Po River, as a fief for Pope Paul III's illegitimate son, Pier Luigi Farnese, centered on the city of Parma. In 1556, the second Duke, Ottavio Farnese, was given the city of Piacenza, becoming thus also Duke of Piacenza, and so the state was thereafter properly known as the Duchies of Parma and Piacenza.
The Farnese family continued to rule until their extinction in 1731, at which point the duchy was inherited by the young son of the King of Spain, Don Carlos, whose mother Elizabeth Farnese was the Farnese heiress. He ruled until the end of the War of the Polish Succession in 1735, when Parma was ceded to Emperor Charles VI in exchange for the Two Sicilies.
[edit] Temporary Habsburg rule
The Habsburgs only ruled until the conclusion of the Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle in 1748, when it was ceded back to the Bourbons in the person of Don Philip, Don Charles's younger brother. As duke Philip, he became the founder of the House of Bourbon-Parma.
In 1796, the duchy was occupied by French troops under Napoleon Bonaparte. In the Treaty of Aranjuez of 1801, duke Ferdinand formally agreed to cede the duchy to Napoleon. The territories were integrated into the Cisalpine Republic until 1802, the Italian Republic, from 1802 until 1805, and the Kingdom of Italy, from 1805 until 1808, until in 1808 the French Empire annexed them and formed out of them the Département of Taro.
In 1814, the duchies were restored under Napoleon's Habsburg wife, Marie Louise, who was to rule them for her lifetime. The duchy was renamed duchy of Parma, Piacenza and Guastalla, the name that it retained until the end.
[edit] Return to the Bourbons
After Marie Louise's death in 1847, the Duchy was restored to the Bourbon-Parma line, which had been ruling the tiny duchy of Lucca. The Bourbons ruled until 1859, when they were driven out by a revolution following the Sardinian victory in their war against Austria.
The duchies of Parma, Piacenza and Guastalla and the duchy of Lucca joined with the Grand Duchy of Tuscany and the duchy of Modena to form the United Provinces of Central Italy in December 1859, and were annexed to the Kingdom of Sardinia in march of 1860. The House of Bourbon continues to claim the title of duke of Parma to this day. Carlos-Hugo (Carlist pretender to the Spanish throne in the 1970s) has held the title since 1977.
[edit] The Dukes
[edit] House of Bourbon-Parma 1731–1735
| Duke | Portrait | Birth | Marriages | Death |
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| Charles, Duke of Parma 1731–1735 |
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20 January 1716 Madrid son of Philip V of Spain and Elizabeth of Parma |
Maria Amalia of Saxony 1738 13 children |
14 December 1788 Madrid aged 72 |
[edit] House of Bourbon-Parma 1748–1803
| Duke | Portrait | Birth | Marriages | Death |
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| Philip, Duke of Parma 1748–1765 |
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15 March 1720 Madrid son of Philip V of Spain and Elizabeth of Parma |
Louise-Elisabeth de Bourbon 25 October 1739 3 children |
18 July 1765 Alessandria aged 45 |
| Ferdinand, Duke of Parma 1765–1802 nominal since 1796 |
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20 January 1751 Parma son of Philip, Duke of Parma and Louise-Elisabeth de Bourbon |
Archduchess Marie Amalie of Austria 19 July 1769 7 children |
9 October 1802 Fontevivo aged 51 |
During the French ownership of the Duchy of Parma, the title of Duke of Parma was used as an honorary form and style. From 1808, the title was used by Jean Jacques Régis de Cambacérès. He kept the style of Duc de Parme till 1814. Only in 1847 the actual title was restored to the Bourbons after a period of being held by Marie Louise of Austria, wife of Napoleon I who was a Habsburg.
[edit] House of Bourbon-Parma, 1847–1860
| Duke | Portrait | Birth | Marriages | Death |
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| Charles II, Duke of Parma 1847–1848 |
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22 December 1799 Madrid son of Louis of Etruria and Maria Louisa, Duchess of Lucca |
Maria Teresa of Savoy 5 September 1820 2 children |
16 April 1883 Nice aged 84 |
| Charles III, Duke of Parma 1848–1854 |
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20 January 1751 Parma son of Charles II, Duke of Parma and Princess Maria Teresa of Savoy |
Princess Louise Marie Thérèse of France 10 November 1845 4 children |
27 March 1854 Parma aged 31 |
| Robert I, Duke of Parma 1854–1860 |
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20 January 1848 Parma son of Charles III, Duke of Parma and Princess Louise Marie Thérèse of France |
Princess Maria Pia of Bourbon-Two Sicilies 5 April 1869 12 children Infanta Maria Antonia of Portugal 15 October 1884 12 children |
16 November 1907 Pianore aged 59 |
[edit] Nominal Dukes of Parma (since 1860)
[edit] Ancestry of the Bourbons of Parma
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16. Louis XIII of France | |||||||||||||||
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8. Louis XIV of France |
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17. Anna of Austria | |||||||||||||||
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4. Louis, Dauphin of France |
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18. Philip IV of Spain | |||||||||||||||
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9. Maria Theresa of Spain |
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19. Elisabeth of Bourbon | |||||||||||||||
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2. Philip V of Spain |
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20. Maximilian I, Elector of Bavaria | |||||||||||||||
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10. Ferdinand Maria, Elector of Bavaria |
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21. Maria Anna of Austria | |||||||||||||||
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5. Maria Anna of Bavaria |
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22. Victor Amadeus I, Duke of Savoy | |||||||||||||||
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11. Henriette Adelaide of Savoy |
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23. Christine Marie of France | |||||||||||||||
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1. House of Bourbon-Parma |
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24. Odoardo Farnese, Duke of Parma | |||||||||||||||
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12. Ranuccio II Farnese, Duke of Parma |
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25. Margherita de Medici | |||||||||||||||
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6. Odoardo II Farnese, Duke of Parma |
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26. Francesco I d'Este | |||||||||||||||
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13. Isabella of Modena |
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27. Maria Caterina Farnese | |||||||||||||||
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3. Elisabeth of Parma |
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28. Wolfgang Wilhelm, Count Palatine of Neuburg | |||||||||||||||
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14. Philipp Wilhelm, Elector Palatine |
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29. Magdalene of Bavaria | |||||||||||||||
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7. Dorothea Sophie of Neuburg |
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30. George II, Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt | |||||||||||||||
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15. Landgravine Elisabeth Amalie of Hesse-Darmstadt |
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31. Sophia Eleonore of Saxony | |||||||||||||||
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[edit] See also
- List of Dukes of Parma
- Descendants of Louis XIV of France which includes them
[edit] External links
- Official website of the House of Bourbon-Parma (language: Italian and Spanish)
- Website of the Royal and Ducal House of Bourbon-Parma (language: Italian)
