Addition of natural numbers
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Addition of natural numbers is the most basic arithmetic binary operation. The operation addition takes two natural numbers, the augend and addend, and produces a single number, the sum. The set of natural numbers will be denoted by N, and "0" will be used to denote the natural number which is not the successor of any other natural number.
Repeated addition of natural numbers is generalized as multiplication of natural numbers
Contents |
[edit] Notation and terms
The operation of addition, commonly written as the infix operator "+", is a function +: N × N → N. For natural numbers a, b, and c, we write
- a + b = c
Here, a is the augend, b is the addend, and c is the sum.
[edit] Definition
Assume that 
, the set of Natural Numbers, has been defined by the Peano postulates as follows:
Where S(a) is the successor of a defined as
Addition is defined inductively by fixing the augend. In other words, we let a be any arbitrary, but fixed natural number, and we then make the following definitions A1 and A2:
- a + 0 = a [A1]
- a + S(b) = S(a + b) [A2]
In words, this says that adding zero, which is the additive-identity, to a gives back a, and that applying the successor function to the addend has the effect of applying the successor function to the sum.
By the recursion theorem, this defines a unique function 
, in other words a unique function "+" that maps back onto .
[edit] Properties
The following are three immediate and important properties of addition which can be deduced from the definition.
- Let
- where 0 is known as the additive identity under . Strictly it is defined as a right identity, but by commutativity, is becomes the general identity in the group
Together, these three properties show that the set of natural numbers under addition is a commutative monoid.
[edit] See also
- Method to Derive Polynomial Representations that Sum Natural Numbers with Exponents[[1]]
